Forest Grove Firefighters to add confined space rescue to their menu

One of the most overlooked dangers in our community is that which involves what we call a confined space. Basically a confined space is something that is large enough for a worker to get inside of and work, but is not designed to be constantly occupied and has limited options for the worker to be able to leave this area. We have these all around Forest Grove, they are the underground vaults that the utility workers use to supply us with sewer, power, and water; they are the silos that the farmer uses to store grain or seed in; confined spaces are the tanks that our industrial centers use in their processes. These confined spaces can be very dangerous for workers and for emergency crews. Often times they have dangerous gasses that build up inside of them because of the natural decomposition of plants, confined spaces can also lack oxygen sufficient enough for us to breathe, and they sometimes can have hazardous materials in them that can harm us if we work with them wrong.

Through a grant we were able to train our crews over the last month on how to respond to an emergency in a confined space. We worked with our neighbors at the Hillsboro Fire Department to provide this training for us, which took place over two full eight hour days for each of our three shifts of career firefighters. The first part of each day was spent in the classroom learning the materials that we would need to perform the hands on afternoon training safely. Firefighters practiced at the City of Forest Grove Water Treatment Plant. Using the almost 20 feet vault there to simulate a number of scenarios. Firefighters from FGF&R as well as the Cornelius and Hillsboro Fire Departments set up specialized equipment that we use to lower rescuers into a confined space, this include a tripod device that uses a pulley and rigging system to safely lower and raise a rescuer into the vault or tank. We also used ventilation equipment that can either provide clean fresh air into a confined space, as well as remove dangerous and toxic gasses so we can work. In addition firefighters trained with not only our traditional self contained breathing apparatus (SCBA), but a new to us device called a supplied air respirator. This respirator is lighter weight and uses a hose from a bank of air cylinders that is kept a distance away so we can go in and work for longer periods of time then our SCBA will typically allow.

This training will help us better serve and respond to this potentially dangerous and life threatening type of emergency. Within the next few months firefighters will begin outfitting emergency vehicles and wrapping up training for all of our personnel to prepare us to respond if needed to a confined space emergency.

Ventilation Training

Firefighters recognize that the most dangerous part of a fire is not the flames, instead it is the smoke and super heated toxic gasses that the fire produces. More often then not, those who die in a house fire tragically do so because of the suffocating smoke. Beyond the risk for those still trapped inside a burning building, the heated gasses that a fire produces will also cause damage to the building and the items inside as they spread across the structure. That's why we work to remove these dangerous byproducts of combustion as soon as we can. We do this through a practice that we call ventilation.

Our goal in ventilating a building is to remove the toxic superheated gasses and smoke and replace them with cooler fresh air, we can do this in a variety of ways depending on where the fire is burning. If a fire is limited to inside a bedroom we can open a window and place a powerful fan to blow fresh air in through a door way on the opposite side of the house; this allows us to not only remove the toxic atmosphere but it also enables us to control the spread of the fire by pushing it out through the window to the exterior of the home. Once the fire gets into an attic space however our work gets a little more difficult. That scenario is what C Shift at Station 4 practiced last week when they worked on roof cuts at a donated building on 26th Avenue.

To perform this task we start by setting up ground ladders so that we can get on the roof of a building. We then use a special ladder called a "roof ladder" that has hooks on the tip of it so that they secure the ladder to the roof peak and allow us a safe platform to work from. Once there we work with power tools, axes, and long poles to cut a 4' x 4' hole (10' x 10' in commercial structures like apartments, manufacturing facilities, etc.) in the roof above the room where the fire is burning. We carefully cut through the roofing material and plywood sheeting and we work hard to make sure that we do not cut through the rafters or trusses of the roof structure. Cutting through a load bearing part of the roof can weaken the entire roof structure which could be deadly for us. It also makes it more difficult and costly for the homeowner to repair the damage after the fire is out if one of these structural members is damaged.

If you are standing on the street watching us ventilate a roof on a real house fire you may think that we are creating more damage then we are saving. The smoke that was coming from the eaves will begin to burn as it comes out of the ventilation hole. Believe it or not this is all part of the process to extinguish the fire, and actually causes less damage then if we didn't cut the roof. By working this way we create a chimney effect that will make the fire go where we want it to go, and prevent it from spreading across the rest of the home. This chimney effect also allows fresh air to rush in and replace the dirty toxic gasses so that we can quickly get inside the home and find the fire or any trapped victims.